However, almost every American was affected by measles during their lifetime, and it is estimated that 3–4 million measles cases occurred each year. In the decade prior to the licensure of live measles vaccine in 1963, an average of 549,000 measles cases and 495 measles deaths were reported annually. Background Epidemiology of measles in the United States Pre-elimination era Persons with measles are usually considered infectious from four days before until four days after onset of rash with the rash onset being considered as day zero. The average incubation period for measles is 11–12 days, and the average interval between exposure and rash onset is 14 days, with a range of 7–21 days. The risk of developing SSPE may be higher when measles occurs prior to the second year of life. Among persons who contracted measles during the resurgence in the United States (U.S.) in 1989–1991, the risk of SSPE was estimated to be 7–11 cases/100,000 cases of measles. One rare long-term sequelae of measles virus infection is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a fatal disease of the central nervous system that generally develops 7–10 years after infection. Approximately one case of encephalitis and two to three deaths may occur for every 1,000 reported measles cases. However, measles can result in complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and death. Measles is usually a mild or moderately severe illness. The rash spreads from head to trunk to lower extremities. Measles is characterized by a prodrome of fever (as high as 105☏) and malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular rash. Measles is an acute viral illness caused by a virus in the family paramyxovirus, genus Morbillivirus. Rota, PhD Manisha Patel, MD, MS Disease Description
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Printer friendly version pdf icon Īuthors: Paul A. Importance of Rapid Identification and Surveillance.
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